The European Commission has published new guidance on the EU packaging waste regulation, providing clarification on how the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) should be applied across member states.

The guidance is intended to support consistent implementation, reduce administrative burden, and improve PPWR compliance for businesses operating in the EU single market.

The move follows continued growth in packaging waste across Europe. In 2023, average packaging waste reached 178kg per person.

Without further action, total volumes could increase by 19% by 2030 compared with 2018 levels, while plastic packaging waste may rise by up to 46%.

Clarifying scope and obligations

The Commission’s guidance focuses on areas where companies have sought clearer interpretation of the EU packaging rules. It sets out when a business is classified as a manufacturer or producer, which determines legal responsibility under the regulation.

It also defines what qualifies as packaging, a key issue for companies managing complex supply chains. These clarifications aim to reduce inconsistencies between national interpretations, which have created compliance challenges for businesses operating across multiple EU markets.

The document is supported by a frequently asked questions resource addressing operational concerns raised since the PPWR entered into force in February 2025.

Addressing single-use plastics and chemicals

The guidance details restrictions on single-use packaging and explains how limits on PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) apply to food contact materials. These chemicals are subject to tighter controls due to their persistence in the environment.

It also outlines how reuse targets will be implemented as part of broader efforts to reduce packaging waste and increase circular use of materials.

Further clarification is provided on extended producer responsibility (EPR) requirements. Businesses are expected to take responsibility for the full lifecycle of packaging, including waste collection and recycling.

The guidance also covers the rollout of deposit and return systems across member states.

Implementation and next measures

The Commission will translate the guidance into all official EU languages before formal adoption. It will continue to monitor implementation and update supporting materials as needed.

Several additional measures are in development to support the EU packaging waste regulation, including harmonised reporting systems for EPR, standardised labelling to improve waste sorting, and rules on recycled content and recyclability of plastic packaging.

The PPWR introduces mandatory recyclability targets by 2030, minimum recycled content requirements, and measures to reduce excessive packaging. These actions are intended to lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduce resource use, and create a more consistent regulatory framework for the EU packaging sector.

The guidance does not change the legal text of the regulation but is expected to play a central role in helping industry align with the new requirements.