The report says EPR can curb plastic waste but faces obstacles in countries with weak waste systems and fragmented governance. / Credit: Oualiid via Shutterstock

A new report from the Consumer Goods Forum (CGF) examines how extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes for packaging can be designed to address plastic waste in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where waste management systems face persistent challenges.

The paper, EPR for Packaging: Design and Implementation in Low-and Middle-Income Countries, builds on earlier CGF guidance published in 2022.

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It stresses that EPR frameworks must adapt to limited infrastructure, complex institutional landscapes and reliance on informal waste workers common in many LMICs.
According to the report, EPR can help reduce packaging waste and promote a circular economy, but only when programmes are inclusive, properly funded and adapted to local contexts.

Priorities for effective systems

Six core elements for EPR implementation are outlined, with particular focus on three areas:

  • Institutions: recommending a centralised, not-for-profit body led by producers to oversee and govern EPR operations.
  • Infrastructure: calling for public and private investment to fill major gaps in waste collection and recycling.
  • Informal sector integration: emphasising recognition and fair pay for waste pickers, along with their inclusion in governance processes.

Stakeholders involved in the project highlighted that waste pickers are critical to recycling in LMICs. Without proper safeguards, they risk exclusion, unsafe working conditions and loss of livelihoods.

Collaboration across sectors

The paper was developed with input from CGF members, the Fair Circularity Initiative, consultancy Systemiq and local experts.

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Industry representatives noted that effective EPR must be supported by wider investment in recycling systems and coherent policies on reduction, reuse and recycling.

The CGF said it welcomes further dialogue on the findings as part of its ongoing commitment to developing sustainable solutions for packaging waste.