Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often termed “forever chemicals,” are synthetic compounds known for their persistence in the environment and human body.
These substances have been widely used in various industrial applications, including food packaging, due to their water- and grease-resistant properties.
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However, growing concerns over their potential health risks have prompted regulatory bodies, particularly in the European Union (EU), to implement stringent measures to limit their presence in food contact materials.
Regulatory landscape: EU’s stance on PFAS in food packaging
The EU has taken significant steps to address the presence of PFAS in food packaging.
Effective from 12 August 2026, the EU’s Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) will prohibit food contact packaging from being placed on the market if it contains PFAS above specific concentration limits.
The regulation sets the following thresholds:
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By GlobalData- 25 parts per billion (ppb) for any individual PFAS as measured with targeted PFAS analysis.
- 250 ppb for the sum of PFAS measured as the sum of targeted PFAS analysis.
- 50 parts per million (ppm) for polymeric PFAS.
These measures aim to reduce the environmental impact of packaging and better protect public health. Additionally, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is evaluating a universal restriction on around 10,000 PFAS substances, which could affect multiple economic activities.
Implications for the packaging industry
The impending regulations present both challenges and opportunities for the packaging industry:
- Material innovation: There is a growing demand for alternative materials that do not contain PFAS. Companies are exploring options such as biodegradable and compostable materials that offer similar protective qualities without the associated risks.
- Supply chain adjustments: Manufacturers will need to work closely with suppliers to ensure that raw materials and finished products comply with the new regulations. This may involve revisiting sourcing strategies and quality control processes.
- Consumer trust: Brands that proactively adopt PFAS-free packaging solutions can enhance their reputation and build consumer trust, especially among environmentally conscious consumers.
Analytical methods for PFAS detection in packaging
To ensure compliance with regulatory standards, accurate detection of PFAS in food packaging is crucial.
Traditional analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), have been the backbone of PFAS testing.
These methods offer high sensitivity and specificity, enabling scientists to detect trace levels of PFAS compounds in complex matrices.
Additionally, the total fluorine method measures all forms of PFAS in the fibers and does not identify individual PFAS. It is an effective screening tool to detect intentionally added PFAS, and results should prompt a discussion with the supplier and, possibly, more thorough testing.
Preparing for the 2026 deadline
As the 2026 deadline approaches, packaging manufacturers should take proactive steps to ensure compliance:
- Audit existing products: Conduct thorough testing of current packaging materials to identify any PFAS content.
- Collaborate with suppliers: Engage with material suppliers to source PFAS-free alternatives and ensure transparency in the supply chain.
- Invest in research and development: Allocate resources to develop and test new packaging solutions that meet regulatory requirements and consumer expectations.
- Stay informed: Keep abreast of regulatory updates and industry best practices to remain compliant and competitive.
Looking ahead
The EU’s stringent regulations on PFAS in food packaging mark a significant shift towards safer, more sustainable packaging solutions.
While the transition may pose challenges, it also presents an opportunity for innovation and leadership in the packaging industry.
By embracing change and prioritising consumer safety, packaging manufacturers can navigate this evolving landscape and contribute to a healthier, more sustainable future.
